Sudan, Israel agree to ‘historic peace agreement’

The BBC reports that “historic peace agreement” deal will be signed in Washington, D.C. according to Israel’s Foreign Minister Eli Cohen

Sudan formally agreed to normalise relations with Israel in January 2021 in a quid pro quo for the US removing it from its list of “state sponsors of terrorism”, but ties were never formalised.

That same month, Cohen, who was the intelligence minister at the time, led the first official delegation to the Muslim-majority Northeast African country.

In 2020, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Morocco all normalised relations with Israel as part of the US-brokered Abraham Accords, vehemently criticised by the Palestinians.

“It has been agreed to move forward towards the normalisation of relations between the two countries,” the Sudanese foreign ministry said following a meeting Thursday between Cohen and Sudan’s acting foreign minister Ali al-Sadiq.

Cohen also met with Sudan’s army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan.

The pair discussed “ways to establish fruitful relations” between the two countries and “prospects of cooperation” in several areas, including security and energy, according to a statement by Sudan’s sovereign council.

During the visit, a draft was relayed of the peace agreement, which is expected to be signed after the transfer of power to the civilian government

Upon his return from Khartoum, Cohen said the two countries had agreed to work towards a “peace agreement”.

“I am happy to announce that during the visit, we have agreed to sign a peace agreement between Sudan and Israel”, after a civilian government is installed in Khartoum, Cohen told reporters at Tel Aviv’s airport.

Signing after power transfer

Thursday’s talks touched briefly on “achieving stability and peace between Israel and the Palestinians”, the Sudanese statement said, without elaborating.

Sudan, an Arab League member, had for decades maintained a rigid anti-Israel stance under longtime autocratic president Omar al-Bashir, who was ousted in April 2019 following mass protests against his rule.

Khartoum was removed from the US blacklist in December 2020 after 27 years of crippling sanctions which strangled Sudan’s economy under Bashir.

In January 2021, Sudan signed a declaration paving the way to normalising ties with Israel, and in April that year, it approved a bill abolishing a 1958 boycott of the country.

Relations were however stymied as political turmoil in Sudan deepened following an October 2021 military coup led by Burhan, derailing the post-Bashir transition to civilian rule.

Foreign Minister Cohen said he expects relations to be formalised by the end of the year, but not before Sudan appoints a civilian government to replace Burhan’s caretaker military regime.

“During the visit, a draft was relayed of the peace agreement, which is expected to be signed after the transfer of power to the civilian government,” Cohen said.

Sudan’s agreement to normalise relations with Israel upended a longstanding policy after the 1967 Six-Day War between Arab countries and Israel that saw Israel occupy swathes of territory.

Arab leaders gathered in Khartoum after the defeat, announcing a resolution that became known as the “three nos”: no peace, no recognition and no negotiations with Israel.

‘Essential’ relations

Egypt and Jordan would later recognise Israel through peace treaties signed in 1979 and 1994 respectively, followed decades later by the Abraham Accords.

Burhan has defended the normalisation with Israel, saying in a December 2021 interview that it was “essential for Sudan to return to the international community”.

Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who returned to power late last year at the head of the most right-wing government in the country’s history, has made broadening Israeli ties across the Arab and Muslim world a foreign policy priority.

Netanyahu has repeatedly expressed his desire to see Saudi Arabia join the Abraham Accords.

The kingdom’s top diplomat said last month it would not normalise ties with Israel in the absence of a two-state solution with the Palestinians.

On Thursday, Chadian President Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno opened his majority-Muslim country’s embassy in Israel, four years after the countries renewed ties following a decades-long rupture.

Netanyahu’s office in a statement called the embassy’s inauguration in Ramat Gan near Tel Aviv “a historic moment”.