re-examining history

New research pokes holes in idea of ‘Bantu expansion’ in West Africa

By Olivier Marbot

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Posted on April 13, 2021 16:19

To match feature Congo-Democratic-Referendum © Congolese traders paddle a canoe laden with bananas down a remote stretch of the Congo River REUTERS/David Lewis
Congolese traders paddle a canoe laden with bananas down a remote stretch of the Congo River REUTERS/David Lewis

For more than a century, historians have supported the idea of a ‘Bantu Expansion’ that, starting in West Africa several millennia ago, spread across the southern half of the continent. But new research from an international team casts doubt on this version of events.

It is a relatively well-known story, or at least one that African history buffs thought they knew. Starting in 3000 BCE and over a period of several millennia, Africa experienced what experts have coined the ‘Bantu Expansion’, a massive migration movement that originated on the borders of modern-day Cameroon and Nigeria and eventually spread to eastern and southern Africa, extending its reach across half the continent.

From the Cameroon Grassfields to the African Great Lakes

The Bantu Expansion is considered to be the greatest migration event in Africa’s prehistory and its consequences are still visible today. Virtually half of all Africans are part of the Bantu-speaking ‘proto-language’ [ancestral language] that is found in countries like Gabon, the Comoros, Sudan and South Africa.

It was 19th century European linguists who put forward the theory that the Bantu languages descended from

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